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Measuring a Baby's Head

Why choose Geisinger for pediatric hydrocephalus?

Hydrocephalus is one of the most common reasons children need to see a neurosurgeon. Whether you’re seeking a diagnosis, treatment or a second opinion, your child’s care starts with a clear understanding of their needs.

Hydrocephalus happens when cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) builds up in the brain, which can increase pressure and affect brain function. Early evaluation helps guide treatment and support development.

Pediatric neurosurgeons and neurologists lead your child's care, specializing in conditions affecting the brain and nervous system. They work together to determine the best approach, whether that includes monitoring, surgery or ongoing support.

We’ll explain every step so you can make informed decisions with confidence.

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FAQs

What is hydrocephalus?

Hydrocephalus is a condition involving fluid buildup in the brain. This extra fluid can cause pressure on brain tissue and affect how the brain works.

What causes hydrocephalus in children?

Hydrocephalus can be present at birth (congenital) or develop after birth. Causes include differences in how fluid flows through the brain, infection, bleeding, tumors and injury.

What are the signs and symptoms of hydrocephalus?

Symptoms vary depending on your child’s age and can include:

  • Rapid head growth (in infants)
  • Bulging soft spot (fontanelle)
  • Vomiting or nausea
  • Irritability or sleepiness
  • Headaches
  • Balance or coordination problems
  • Vision changes, such as downward gaze
  • Developmental delays
  • Seizures

How do you diagnose hydrocephalus?

Hydrocephalus is identified during pregnancy or diagnosed after birth. Testing typically includes physical exams and imaging such as MRI, CT scans or ultrasound

These tests help guide treatment decisions. Your care team will explain what each test involves and answer your questions along the way.

How is hydrocephalus treated?

Treatment depends on your child’s condition. Many children need surgery to help drain excess fluid.

Common treatments include:

  • Shunt placement: A small tube drains fluid from the brain to another part of the body.
  • Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV): A procedure that creates a new pathway for fluid to flow.

Pediatric hydrocephalus care at Geisinger

Care for hydrocephalus focuses on treatment and long-term support as your child grows. Here’s what that looks like:

  • Early diagnosis and evaluation: Prompt imaging and testing help confirm a diagnosis so treatment can begin as soon as possible.
  • Specialized surgical care: Procedures such as shunt placement or ETV help manage fluid buildup and reduce pressure on the brain.
  • Ongoing monitoring: During regular follow-up visits, providers track your child’s development and adjust care as needed.
  • Support for development: Therapies, such as occupational and developmental therapy, help your child build skills and maintain function.
  • Coordinated care: Pediatric specialists work together to support your child’s health at every stage.